Optimal. Leaf size=277 \[ -\frac{b^{3/8} \log \left (-\sqrt{2} \sqrt [8]{-a} \sqrt [8]{b} x+\sqrt [4]{-a}+\sqrt [4]{b} x^2\right )}{8 \sqrt{2} (-a)^{11/8}}+\frac{b^{3/8} \log \left (\sqrt{2} \sqrt [8]{-a} \sqrt [8]{b} x+\sqrt [4]{-a}+\sqrt [4]{b} x^2\right )}{8 \sqrt{2} (-a)^{11/8}}-\frac{b^{3/8} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{4 (-a)^{11/8}}-\frac{b^{3/8} \tan ^{-1}\left (1-\frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{4 \sqrt{2} (-a)^{11/8}}+\frac{b^{3/8} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}+1\right )}{4 \sqrt{2} (-a)^{11/8}}-\frac{b^{3/8} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{4 (-a)^{11/8}}-\frac{1}{3 a x^3} \]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
Rubi [A] time = 0.226553, antiderivative size = 277, normalized size of antiderivative = 1., number of steps used = 14, number of rules used = 11, integrand size = 13, \(\frac{\text{number of rules}}{\text{integrand size}}\) = 0.846, Rules used = {325, 301, 211, 1165, 628, 1162, 617, 204, 212, 208, 205} \[ -\frac{b^{3/8} \log \left (-\sqrt{2} \sqrt [8]{-a} \sqrt [8]{b} x+\sqrt [4]{-a}+\sqrt [4]{b} x^2\right )}{8 \sqrt{2} (-a)^{11/8}}+\frac{b^{3/8} \log \left (\sqrt{2} \sqrt [8]{-a} \sqrt [8]{b} x+\sqrt [4]{-a}+\sqrt [4]{b} x^2\right )}{8 \sqrt{2} (-a)^{11/8}}-\frac{b^{3/8} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{4 (-a)^{11/8}}-\frac{b^{3/8} \tan ^{-1}\left (1-\frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{4 \sqrt{2} (-a)^{11/8}}+\frac{b^{3/8} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}+1\right )}{4 \sqrt{2} (-a)^{11/8}}-\frac{b^{3/8} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{4 (-a)^{11/8}}-\frac{1}{3 a x^3} \]
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
[In]
[Out]
Rule 325
Rule 301
Rule 211
Rule 1165
Rule 628
Rule 1162
Rule 617
Rule 204
Rule 212
Rule 208
Rule 205
Rubi steps
\begin{align*} \int \frac{1}{x^4 \left (a+b x^8\right )} \, dx &=-\frac{1}{3 a x^3}-\frac{b \int \frac{x^4}{a+b x^8} \, dx}{a}\\ &=-\frac{1}{3 a x^3}+\frac{\sqrt{b} \int \frac{1}{\sqrt{-a}-\sqrt{b} x^4} \, dx}{2 a}-\frac{\sqrt{b} \int \frac{1}{\sqrt{-a}+\sqrt{b} x^4} \, dx}{2 a}\\ &=-\frac{1}{3 a x^3}-\frac{\sqrt{b} \int \frac{1}{\sqrt [4]{-a}-\sqrt [4]{b} x^2} \, dx}{4 (-a)^{5/4}}-\frac{\sqrt{b} \int \frac{1}{\sqrt [4]{-a}+\sqrt [4]{b} x^2} \, dx}{4 (-a)^{5/4}}+\frac{\sqrt{b} \int \frac{\sqrt [4]{-a}-\sqrt [4]{b} x^2}{\sqrt{-a}+\sqrt{b} x^4} \, dx}{4 (-a)^{5/4}}+\frac{\sqrt{b} \int \frac{\sqrt [4]{-a}+\sqrt [4]{b} x^2}{\sqrt{-a}+\sqrt{b} x^4} \, dx}{4 (-a)^{5/4}}\\ &=-\frac{1}{3 a x^3}-\frac{b^{3/8} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{4 (-a)^{11/8}}-\frac{b^{3/8} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{4 (-a)^{11/8}}+\frac{\sqrt [4]{b} \int \frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt [4]{-a}}{\sqrt [4]{b}}-\frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt [8]{-a} x}{\sqrt [8]{b}}+x^2} \, dx}{8 (-a)^{5/4}}+\frac{\sqrt [4]{b} \int \frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt [4]{-a}}{\sqrt [4]{b}}+\frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt [8]{-a} x}{\sqrt [8]{b}}+x^2} \, dx}{8 (-a)^{5/4}}-\frac{b^{3/8} \int \frac{\frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt [8]{-a}}{\sqrt [8]{b}}+2 x}{-\frac{\sqrt [4]{-a}}{\sqrt [4]{b}}-\frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt [8]{-a} x}{\sqrt [8]{b}}-x^2} \, dx}{8 \sqrt{2} (-a)^{11/8}}-\frac{b^{3/8} \int \frac{\frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt [8]{-a}}{\sqrt [8]{b}}-2 x}{-\frac{\sqrt [4]{-a}}{\sqrt [4]{b}}+\frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt [8]{-a} x}{\sqrt [8]{b}}-x^2} \, dx}{8 \sqrt{2} (-a)^{11/8}}\\ &=-\frac{1}{3 a x^3}-\frac{b^{3/8} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{4 (-a)^{11/8}}-\frac{b^{3/8} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{4 (-a)^{11/8}}-\frac{b^{3/8} \log \left (\sqrt [4]{-a}-\sqrt{2} \sqrt [8]{-a} \sqrt [8]{b} x+\sqrt [4]{b} x^2\right )}{8 \sqrt{2} (-a)^{11/8}}+\frac{b^{3/8} \log \left (\sqrt [4]{-a}+\sqrt{2} \sqrt [8]{-a} \sqrt [8]{b} x+\sqrt [4]{b} x^2\right )}{8 \sqrt{2} (-a)^{11/8}}+\frac{b^{3/8} \operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{1}{-1-x^2} \, dx,x,1-\frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{4 \sqrt{2} (-a)^{11/8}}-\frac{b^{3/8} \operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{1}{-1-x^2} \, dx,x,1+\frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{4 \sqrt{2} (-a)^{11/8}}\\ &=-\frac{1}{3 a x^3}-\frac{b^{3/8} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{4 (-a)^{11/8}}-\frac{b^{3/8} \tan ^{-1}\left (1-\frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{4 \sqrt{2} (-a)^{11/8}}+\frac{b^{3/8} \tan ^{-1}\left (1+\frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{4 \sqrt{2} (-a)^{11/8}}-\frac{b^{3/8} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{4 (-a)^{11/8}}-\frac{b^{3/8} \log \left (\sqrt [4]{-a}-\sqrt{2} \sqrt [8]{-a} \sqrt [8]{b} x+\sqrt [4]{b} x^2\right )}{8 \sqrt{2} (-a)^{11/8}}+\frac{b^{3/8} \log \left (\sqrt [4]{-a}+\sqrt{2} \sqrt [8]{-a} \sqrt [8]{b} x+\sqrt [4]{b} x^2\right )}{8 \sqrt{2} (-a)^{11/8}}\\ \end{align*}
Mathematica [A] time = 0.108984, size = 395, normalized size = 1.43 \[ \frac{-8 a^{3/8}+3 b^{3/8} x^3 \cos \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right ) \log \left (-2 \sqrt [8]{a} \sqrt [8]{b} x \sin \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right )+\sqrt [4]{a}+\sqrt [4]{b} x^2\right )-3 b^{3/8} x^3 \cos \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right ) \log \left (2 \sqrt [8]{a} \sqrt [8]{b} x \sin \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right )+\sqrt [4]{a}+\sqrt [4]{b} x^2\right )-3 b^{3/8} x^3 \sin \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right ) \log \left (-2 \sqrt [8]{a} \sqrt [8]{b} x \cos \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right )+\sqrt [4]{a}+\sqrt [4]{b} x^2\right )+3 b^{3/8} x^3 \sin \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right ) \log \left (2 \sqrt [8]{a} \sqrt [8]{b} x \cos \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right )+\sqrt [4]{a}+\sqrt [4]{b} x^2\right )+6 b^{3/8} x^3 \sin \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt [8]{b} x \sec \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right )}{\sqrt [8]{a}}-\tan \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right )\right )+6 b^{3/8} x^3 \sin \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt [8]{b} x \sec \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right )}{\sqrt [8]{a}}+\tan \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right )\right )+6 b^{3/8} x^3 \cos \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\cot \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right )-\frac{\sqrt [8]{b} x \csc \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right )}{\sqrt [8]{a}}\right )-6 b^{3/8} x^3 \cos \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt [8]{b} x \csc \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right )}{\sqrt [8]{a}}+\cot \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right )\right )}{24 a^{11/8} x^3} \]
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
Maple [C] time = 0.005, size = 36, normalized size = 0.1 \begin{align*} -{\frac{1}{8\,a}\sum _{{\it \_R}={\it RootOf} \left ({{\it \_Z}}^{8}b+a \right ) }{\frac{\ln \left ( x-{\it \_R} \right ) }{{{\it \_R}}^{3}}}}-{\frac{1}{3\,a{x}^{3}}} \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
Maxima [F] time = 0., size = 0, normalized size = 0. \begin{align*} -\frac{-\frac{1}{16} \,{\left (\frac{2 \, \sqrt{-\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{5}{8}} \arctan \left (\frac{2 \, x + \sqrt{-\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}}}\right )}{a} + \frac{2 \, \sqrt{-\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{5}{8}} \arctan \left (\frac{2 \, x - \sqrt{-\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}}}\right )}{a} - \frac{2 \, \sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{5}{8}} \arctan \left (\frac{2 \, x + \sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}}}{\sqrt{-\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}}}\right )}{a} - \frac{2 \, \sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{5}{8}} \arctan \left (\frac{2 \, x - \sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}}}{\sqrt{-\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}}}\right )}{a} + \frac{\sqrt{-\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{5}{8}} \log \left (x^{2} + x \sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} + \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{4}}\right )}{a} - \frac{\sqrt{-\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{5}{8}} \log \left (x^{2} - x \sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} + \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{4}}\right )}{a} - \frac{\sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{5}{8}} \log \left (x^{2} + x \sqrt{-\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} + \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{4}}\right )}{a} + \frac{\sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{5}{8}} \log \left (x^{2} - x \sqrt{-\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} + \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{4}}\right )}{a}\right )} b}{a} - \frac{1}{3 \, a x^{3}} \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
Fricas [B] time = 1.45889, size = 1207, normalized size = 4.36 \begin{align*} -\frac{12 \, \sqrt{2} a x^{3} \left (-\frac{b^{3}}{a^{11}}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} \arctan \left (-\frac{\sqrt{2} a^{4} x \left (-\frac{b^{3}}{a^{11}}\right )^{\frac{3}{8}} - \sqrt{2} a^{4} \sqrt{-\frac{\sqrt{2} a^{7} x \left (-\frac{b^{3}}{a^{11}}\right )^{\frac{5}{8}} + a^{3} b \left (-\frac{b^{3}}{a^{11}}\right )^{\frac{1}{4}} - b^{2} x^{2}}{b^{2}}} \left (-\frac{b^{3}}{a^{11}}\right )^{\frac{3}{8}} + b}{b}\right ) + 12 \, \sqrt{2} a x^{3} \left (-\frac{b^{3}}{a^{11}}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} \arctan \left (-\frac{\sqrt{2} a^{4} x \left (-\frac{b^{3}}{a^{11}}\right )^{\frac{3}{8}} - \sqrt{2} a^{4} \sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{2} a^{7} x \left (-\frac{b^{3}}{a^{11}}\right )^{\frac{5}{8}} - a^{3} b \left (-\frac{b^{3}}{a^{11}}\right )^{\frac{1}{4}} + b^{2} x^{2}}{b^{2}}} \left (-\frac{b^{3}}{a^{11}}\right )^{\frac{3}{8}} - b}{b}\right ) + 3 \, \sqrt{2} a x^{3} \left (-\frac{b^{3}}{a^{11}}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} \log \left (\sqrt{2} a^{7} x \left (-\frac{b^{3}}{a^{11}}\right )^{\frac{5}{8}} - a^{3} b \left (-\frac{b^{3}}{a^{11}}\right )^{\frac{1}{4}} + b^{2} x^{2}\right ) - 3 \, \sqrt{2} a x^{3} \left (-\frac{b^{3}}{a^{11}}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} \log \left (-\sqrt{2} a^{7} x \left (-\frac{b^{3}}{a^{11}}\right )^{\frac{5}{8}} - a^{3} b \left (-\frac{b^{3}}{a^{11}}\right )^{\frac{1}{4}} + b^{2} x^{2}\right ) - 24 \, a x^{3} \left (-\frac{b^{3}}{a^{11}}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} \arctan \left (-\frac{a^{4} x \left (-\frac{b^{3}}{a^{11}}\right )^{\frac{3}{8}} - a^{4} \sqrt{-\frac{a^{3} \left (-\frac{b^{3}}{a^{11}}\right )^{\frac{1}{4}} - b x^{2}}{b}} \left (-\frac{b^{3}}{a^{11}}\right )^{\frac{3}{8}}}{b}\right ) - 6 \, a x^{3} \left (-\frac{b^{3}}{a^{11}}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} \log \left (a^{7} \left (-\frac{b^{3}}{a^{11}}\right )^{\frac{5}{8}} + b^{2} x\right ) + 6 \, a x^{3} \left (-\frac{b^{3}}{a^{11}}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} \log \left (-a^{7} \left (-\frac{b^{3}}{a^{11}}\right )^{\frac{5}{8}} + b^{2} x\right ) + 16}{48 \, a x^{3}} \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
Sympy [A] time = 0.558572, size = 36, normalized size = 0.13 \begin{align*} \operatorname{RootSum}{\left (16777216 t^{8} a^{11} + b^{3}, \left ( t \mapsto t \log{\left (\frac{32768 t^{5} a^{7}}{b^{2}} + x \right )} \right )\right )} - \frac{1}{3 a x^{3}} \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
Giac [B] time = 1.27444, size = 601, normalized size = 2.17 \begin{align*} \frac{b \sqrt{-\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{5}{8}} \arctan \left (\frac{2 \, x + \sqrt{-\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}}}\right )}{8 \, a^{2}} + \frac{b \sqrt{-\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{5}{8}} \arctan \left (\frac{2 \, x - \sqrt{-\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}}}\right )}{8 \, a^{2}} - \frac{b \sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{5}{8}} \arctan \left (\frac{2 \, x + \sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}}}{\sqrt{-\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}}}\right )}{8 \, a^{2}} - \frac{b \sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{5}{8}} \arctan \left (\frac{2 \, x - \sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}}}{\sqrt{-\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}}}\right )}{8 \, a^{2}} + \frac{b \sqrt{-\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{5}{8}} \log \left (x^{2} + x \sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} + \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{4}}\right )}{16 \, a^{2}} - \frac{b \sqrt{-\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{5}{8}} \log \left (x^{2} - x \sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} + \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{4}}\right )}{16 \, a^{2}} - \frac{b \sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{5}{8}} \log \left (x^{2} + x \sqrt{-\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} + \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{4}}\right )}{16 \, a^{2}} + \frac{b \sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{5}{8}} \log \left (x^{2} - x \sqrt{-\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} + \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{4}}\right )}{16 \, a^{2}} - \frac{1}{3 \, a x^{3}} \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
[Out]